Tenses: Under the Indicative and Subjunctive Moods, on the left side of the chart, you will see the five tenses listed: Present, Imperfect, Future, Perfect, Pluperfect with their forms listed across the rows to the right of them.The bottom third shows the forms of the Infinitive Mood and Participles. The middle third shows verbs of the Subjunctive Moods. Moods: When you view the chart, you will see that the top third of the chart shows verb forms of the Indicative Mood.If you’ve learned your Latin verb grammar, that’s all you need to know to use this verb summary chart. It shows me the following forms:Īmo – the 1st person, singular, present, indicative form.Īmavi – the 1st person, singular, perfect, indicative form (drop -i to find the perfect stem).Īmare – the present, infinitive form (drop -re to find the present stem) This little bit of information tells me everything I need to know to identify the form of this verb. For example, if I encounter the verb amaveruntin my reading and look for this verb in a Latin dictionary, I will find:
If you see the words in ("in, on") or a/ ab ("by") in a document, the following word or phrase will most likely include an ablative.In order to use this chart and identify the correct Latin verb endings, you must understand and be able to use the four principal parts of a regular verb to quickly identify the general characteristics of a particular verb. There is also the ablative of agent, which shows that something was done by somebody it usually accompanies a passive verb and follows the Latin preposition a or ab (“by”). Ablative:Īppears with prepositions like “in” or “on” usually appears as dates and places in genealogical documents. Since the dative usually accompanies a verb of giving, you may expect to find a noun in the dative case if you find any form of do, dare, the Latin verb “give.” The most common forms of this verb that you may find are dedi (“I gave”), dedit (“he/she gave”), and datus/-a/-um est (“it was given”). Dative:Ī noun that receives, usually with a verb of giving, translated as “to _”Ī burial was given to the body of Franciscus. Remember that the nominative is the subject of the sentence and the accusative is the direct object when you are translating them. With neuter nouns, the accusative form is always the same as the nominative form. The direct object the noun that is acted upon in the sentence. For example, the genitive filii is translated “of the son.” Accusative: In Latin there is no word for “of.” Instead, it expressed completely within the genitive. “place” and “Seva” are in the genitive case. The genitive has several different uses, but it can be reliably translated as “of _”įranciscus, farm laborer of the place of Seva. Genitive:Ī noun that is possessive or descriptive. For example, you will most often find the word for “son” in its nominative singular form: filius. This is also the main case form that is used when referring to the noun in dictionaries. “Jacob” and “Maria” are nouns further identifying the subject. “Joseph” and “priest” are nouns further identifying the subject. I, Joseph, priest of this church, baptized Jacob. “Generius” and “Magdalena” are in the nominative case.Īny noun in the sentence that further identifies the noun subject is also nominative. Generius and Magdalena were joined in marriage. “was baptized” instead of “baptized”), the nominative still acts as the subject of the sentence and pairs with the being verb (e.g. If the verb in the sentence is passive instead of active (e.g. The subject of the sentence the noun that does the action. In Latin, there are five main cases: Nominative, Genitive, Accusative, Dative, and Ablative. Noun cases describe how a noun is used in a sentence.